{
  "schema_version": "1.0.0",
  "generated_on": "2026-09-06",
  "outcome_vintage": "2010-2024 finalized",
  "bonaparte": {
    "paper": {
      "title": "Do Data Centers Raise Your Electricity Bill? Evidence from U.S. States",
      "ssrn": "7361819"
    },
    "replication_status": "treatment-substitution reconstruction; paper capacity source and code are undisclosed",
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        "sample": "long_window_2012_2024_drop_virginia",
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        "sample": "long_window_2012_2024_high_capacity_interaction",
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        "treatment": "lag_stock_high_capacity",
        "controls": "lag_stock_gw",
        "state_fe": true,
        "year_fe": true,
        "estimate": 0.5264180808614417,
        "se": 1.9693906925044888,
        "p_value": 0.7903600760520721,
        "ci_low": -3.431220687028384,
        "ci_high": 4.484056848751267,
        "observations": 650,
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        "paper_reported_estimate": null,
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      {
        "issue": "Treatment source",
        "paper_choice": "State capacity source and code are not disclosed.",
        "why_it_matters": "Exact treatment replication is impossible.",
        "extension": "Substitute the audited dated MW ledger and publish every transformation.",
        "status": "implemented"
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        "issue": "Short panel",
        "paper_choice": "Only 2021\u20132024 is used.",
        "why_it_matters": "Four years offer little within-state variation and poor lag support.",
        "extension": "Retain the paper window, add 2012\u20132024 and 2025-vintage utility-level event/dose results.",
        "status": "implemented"
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      {
        "issue": "National shocks",
        "paper_choice": "National CPI or oil is added but year effects are omitted.",
        "why_it_matters": "One macro series need not absorb all year-specific common shocks.",
        "extension": "Add year fixed effects; CPI/oil are then collinear by construction.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "State aggregation",
        "paper_choice": "State-average residential price is the sole outcome.",
        "why_it_matters": "Concentrated host-utility effects are diluted.",
        "extension": "Add serving-utility and host-community results.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Endogenous siting",
        "paper_choice": "Capacity/location responds to electricity prices and grid conditions.",
        "why_it_matters": "Associations are not causal.",
        "extension": "Use dated openings, leads, pretrend tests, future-flow placebos, and predetermined slack.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Capacity versus load",
        "paper_choice": "Installed GW proxies for realized load.",
        "why_it_matters": "PUE, utilization, timing, and behind-the-meter supply vary.",
        "extension": "Use audited phase energizations and EIA large-load/utility outcomes where available.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Internalization claim",
        "paper_choice": "PPAs, renewables, storage, and efficiency are proposed but not measured.",
        "why_it_matters": "Null state regressions do not test the mechanism.",
        "extension": "Test public generation/procurement outcomes and label PPA attribution as not directly identified.",
        "status": "implemented_with_public_proxies"
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      {
        "issue": "Table 5 label",
        "paper_choice": "The same-year change column is labeled as a one-year lag.",
        "why_it_matters": "The table label conflicts with the equation and discussion.",
        "extension": "Catalog the apparent table-label error.",
        "status": "paper_error"
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    ],
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      {
        "sample": "paper_window_state_and_year_fe",
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        "cr1_t_p": 0.843916868875687,
        "wild_cluster_p": 0.821,
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        "seed": 20260906,
        "method": "restricted Rademacher wild-cluster bootstrap-t; state signs; re-estimated CR1 SE"
      },
      {
        "sample": "paper_window_state_and_year_fe",
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        "se": 2.5191851576171427,
        "cr1_t_p": 0.6128847656694395,
        "wild_cluster_p": 0.5075,
        "draws": 1999,
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        "seed": 20260906,
        "method": "restricted Rademacher wild-cluster bootstrap-t; state signs; re-estimated CR1 SE"
      },
      {
        "sample": "paper_window_state_and_year_fe",
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        "estimate": 0.9119340491710125,
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        "cr1_t_p": 0.7938135873041893,
        "wild_cluster_p": 0.753,
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        "seed": 20260906,
        "method": "restricted Rademacher wild-cluster bootstrap-t; state signs; re-estimated CR1 SE"
      },
      {
        "sample": "long_window_2012_2024_state_and_year_fe",
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        "wild_cluster_p": 0.2405,
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        "method": "restricted Rademacher wild-cluster bootstrap-t; state signs; re-estimated CR1 SE"
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      {
        "sample": "long_window_2012_2024_state_and_year_fe",
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        "se": 0.964795730317304,
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        "wild_cluster_p": 0.0925,
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        "seed": 20260906,
        "method": "restricted Rademacher wild-cluster bootstrap-t; state signs; re-estimated CR1 SE"
      },
      {
        "sample": "long_window_2012_2024_state_and_year_fe",
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      "definition": "Indicator for positive capacity in the dated stock-and-flow ledger; not proof of no physical data center where recorded dated stock is zero.",
      "states_changing_presence_2021_2024": 3,
      "states_with_zero_recorded_stock_2024": [
        "AK",
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        "VT",
        "WV"
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      "title": "Shared Infrastructure, Shared Burdens? Data Centers and Electricity Price Incidence",
      "ssrn": "6685418"
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        "pre_average_event_window": "supported event times -7 through -2",
        "small_cluster_method": "heuristic treated-cluster t reference, not a wild bootstrap",
        "post_average_transformed_x100": 25.119534592383136
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        "specification_group": "purchased_power_robustness",
        "family": "Purchased power",
        "outcome": "energy_charges",
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        "t5_pct": 39.24588460319093,
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        "utilities": 86,
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        "post_average_event_window": "all supported nonnegative event times",
        "pre_average_event_window": "supported event times -7 through -2",
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        "coefficient_unit": "transformed outcome difference times 100; not exact percentage changes",
        "post_average_event_window": "all supported nonnegative event times",
        "pre_average_event_window": "supported event times -7 through -2",
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    ],
    "bill_calibration": {
      "mapped_exposed_counties": 501,
      "matched_doe_counties": 501,
      "share_of_2016_national_residential_expenditure": 0.14179142218985888,
      "preferred_post_effect_pct": 1.876874622401195,
      "annual_incidence_as_share_of_2024_national_residential_bill_base": 0.0026863783369781005,
      "calibration_source": "2016 DOE City and County Energy Profiles corrected workbook",
      "national_2024_bill_base_usd": 244367408700.0,
      "observed_exposed_county_years_0_7": 3162,
      "dynamic_incidence_0_7_usd": 3656806410.0756874,
      "exposed_bill_base_2024_usd": 34649202416.42349,
      "interpretation": "Fixed 2016 modeled shares and 2024 U.S. residential revenue; conditional scaling of the estimated event path, not a causal welfare estimate."
    },
    "audit": [
      {
        "issue": "Permit timing",
        "paper_choice": "First air permit is treatment entry.",
        "why_it_matters": "A permit can precede operation by years or describe a planned facility.",
        "extension": "Compare permits with audited energization dates.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Facility duplicates",
        "paper_choice": "The public graphic contains 1,240 rows.",
        "why_it_matters": "There are only 1,063 UNIQUE ID values and multiple address/building rows per ID.",
        "extension": "Preserve every row, publish duplicate diagnostics, and use binary first entry where duplication is immaterial.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Serving utility",
        "paper_choice": "Point mapping is preferred; ambiguous projects are spread across county utilities.",
        "why_it_matters": "Misassignment changes the indirect network.",
        "extension": "Publish HIFLD candidates and compare unique points, a baseline-industrial-sales overlap tie-breaker, county fallback, and audited serving utilities.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Geographic placebo",
        "paper_choice": "Adjacent but not utility-linked counties are used as a placebo.",
        "why_it_matters": "A similar adjacent-county path would weaken the claimed utility-network channel.",
        "extension": "Use Census 2010 county adjacency matching the analysis geography; test both never- and not-yet-placebo controls.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "County outcome construction",
        "paper_choice": "Utility prices are equally averaged within county-year.",
        "why_it_matters": "The same utility outcome is repeated across counties and small utilities get equal weight.",
        "extension": "Add customer- and sales-weighted outcomes and utility-level models.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Shared-utility inference",
        "paper_choice": "Standard errors are clustered by county.",
        "why_it_matters": "Counties sharing the same utility inherit common outcomes, so county clusters do not remove utility-level pseudo-replication.",
        "extension": "Treat county results as paper-matched and use utility-state inference as the primary extension.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Territory changes",
        "paper_choice": "Annual EIA county\u2013utility links determine exposure.",
        "why_it_matters": "Reporting/mapping changes can create treatment without a physical network change.",
        "extension": "Compare annual and frozen-territory assignments.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Binary absorbing treatment",
        "paper_choice": "First exposure discards later projects, MW, and exits.",
        "why_it_matters": "Repeat phases and dose changes can accumulate.",
        "extension": "Add signed cumulative-MW and retirement-aware utility models.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Selection",
        "paper_choice": "State indicators and baseline prices support conditional parallel trends.",
        "why_it_matters": "Utility networks attracting data centers can have different expected demand and price paths.",
        "extension": "Report joint lead tests, future-flow placebos, clean controls, slack, and state\u00d7year specifications.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Specification selection",
        "paper_choice": "Highest-scoring specifications are reported after a broad sweep.",
        "why_it_matters": "Outcome-driven ranking can overstate evidentiary strength.",
        "extension": "Publish the full symmetric grid without selecting on significance; mapping and specification exploration were not preregistered.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Mechanism sample",
        "paper_choice": "Only 22 treated utilities support the paper's seven FERC/EIA mechanism outcomes.",
        "why_it_matters": "Conventional cluster approximations are fragile.",
        "extension": "Reconstruct all seven main outcomes, all 12 additional purchased-power transformations, sample counts, pretrend tests, and small-treated-cluster t-reference inference.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Bill scaling",
        "paper_choice": "A fixed 2016 modeled DOE expenditure share is scaled to 2024.",
        "why_it_matters": "It is a calibration, not an estimated treatment effect or welfare measure.",
        "extension": "Reproduce the source share and separate it from causal estimates.",
        "status": "implemented"
      },
      {
        "issue": "Parallel-trends sensitivity",
        "paper_choice": "The paper calls for BJS and Rambachan\u2013Roth checks in future work but does not run them.",
        "why_it_matters": "CS-DID alone does not quantify violations of parallel trends.",
        "extension": "Connect the reconstruction to the project's utility-level imputation, state\u00d7year, future-flow, clean-window, and joint-lead diagnostics; retain the unrun Rambachan\u2013Roth procedure as a named future extension rather than implying the paper performed it.",
        "status": "implemented_as_cross_design_checks"
      }
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      "last_year": 2024,
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        "table": "B1",
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        "title": "Permit-based indirect res",
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        "title": "Audited serving utility ind",
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      },
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      },
      {
        "variable": "age40_64_share",
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      },
      {
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      },
      {
        "variable": "male_share",
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      },
      {
        "variable": "male_share",
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      },
      {
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      }
    ],
    "paper_county_window": "2010\u20132025 in supplied PDF; final-price reconstruction stops in 2024, early-release reconstruction extends through 2025.",
    "geographic_scope": "County and utility CSDID comparisons cover the contiguous 48 U.S. states; the Bonaparte state comparison covers all 50 states. Canadian facilities do not enter these regressions."
  },
  "primary_project_extension": {
    "description": "Signed repeated-MW serving-utility estimator with documented retirements, utility and state-by-year fixed effects, joint leads, future-flow placebo, slack, and 2/5/20/50/150 MW sensitivities.",
    "result_file": "repaired_cumulative_site.json"
  },
  "outputs": [
    "bonaparte_specifications.csv",
    "bonaparte_state_panel.csv",
    "bagwe_county_estimates.csv",
    "bagwe_event_studies.csv",
    "bagwe_specification_grid.csv",
    "bagwe_ferc_schedule326.csv",
    "bagwe_utility_estimates.csv",
    "bagwe_utility_event_studies.csv",
    "bagwe_bi_derived_project_utility_assignments.csv",
    "bagwe_bi_project_utility_crosswalk.csv",
    "bagwe_bi_overlap_resolved_project_utility_assignments.csv",
    "bonaparte_design_audit.csv",
    "bagwe_design_audit.csv"
  ],
  "validation": {
    "main_county_cells": 50,
    "sweep_cells": 128,
    "appendix_control_cells": 7,
    "bonaparte_cells": 35,
    "paper_mechanism_cells": 19,
    "completed": true,
    "exact_replication": false,
    "reason": "Author analysis files and exact facility/utility assignment inputs are not available in the recovered public sources.",
    "support_audited_models": 8,
    "stable_common_support_models": 8,
    "mechanism_lower_bound_verified": 2010,
    "interior_2012_territories_restored": true,
    "categorical_ipt_solver": "exact saturated-category score solution; compared with converged numerical IPT",
    "appendix_comparisons_with_standard_errors": 104,
    "main_comparisons_with_standard_errors": 80
  }
}